Data collected by CyberWell found that though only 2 percent of anti-Semitism content on social media platforms in 2022 was violent, 90 percent of that came from Twitter. And Cohen Montemayor notes that even the company’s standard moderation systems would likely have struggled under the strain of so much hateful content. “If you’re experiencing surges [of online hate speech] and you have changed nothing in the infrastructure of content moderation, that means you’re leaving more hate speech on the platform,” she says.

Civil society…